Table I

Characteristics of Various Fuels

Fuel LHV, BTU/lbm A/F
Gasoline 18,341 14.6
Light diesel 18,574 14.5
Methane 21,459 17.2
Natural gas 19,257 16.2
LPG 19,757 15.8
Propane 19,879 15.7
Methanol 8,538 6.5
Ethanol 11,546 9.0
Hydrogen 51,352 34.3

LHV (Lower heating value) is used when product-containing water is in its vapour form. The unit of LHV is British Thermal Unit (BTU) per pound mass (lbm).

A/F (Air to Fuel ratio) represents the amount of air required for complete combustion of fuel.

Heating value (HV) is defined as the amount of energy released when a fuel is burned completely in a steady flow process (Adapted from 1(a))